MICROBIOTA

microbiotakapak

THE HIDDEN WORLD OF PLACENTAL MICROBIOTA: IMPACTS ON MATERNAL AND FETAL HEALTH

Nihan Yıldırım Yıldız

Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Ankara, Türkiye

Yıldırım Yıldız N. The Hidden World of Placental Microbiota: Impacts on Maternal and Fetal Health. Melek İM, Aydoğan S, eds. Microbiota. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2025. p.29-37.

ABSTRACT

Microbiota pertains to the total collection of microorganisms that exist on or within an organism. The microbiota of human includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes that exists in many different organs of body such as theintestines, skin, and mouth.The primary microorganisms identified in the placental microbiota include Neisseria, Fusobacterium, Veillonella and Streptococcus.This has highlighted the significance of maternal oral health and hygiene for the developing fetus. The placenta is defined as an organ that attaches to the uterine wall during pregnancy and facilitates the fetomaternal exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products.The gut microbiome is particularly important, having significant effects on digestion, the immune system, and overall health. It is now known that the fetus’s life in the womb, previously considered sterile, is not actually sterile. Based on this, the microbial content of the placenta has been investigated for its effects on fetal development and life after birth. İnteractions between the placenta and the microbiota is an important era of research in understanding feto-maternal health. The placental microbiota plays a crutial role in immune regulation during pregnancy for maintaining a balanced immune environment that supports fetal development while protecting against potential infections. Studies suggest that placental microbiota content can effect cytokine production, immune cell regulation, and the overall inflammatory response, which are essential for an uncomplicated pregnancy. As a well known fact neuronal development begins in early embriyonic and fetal life. Postnatal cognitive functions as well as motor skills and behavioral capacity of the individual are effected by this process. The placental microbiota can indirectly influence these processes through various mechanisms.Future research should focus on elucidating the specific mechanisms through which the placental microbiota influences immune regulation and fetal development. Understanding these interactions will be essential for future targeted interventions that could mitigate the risks related with dysbiosis and enhance the overall health outcomes for mothers and their offspring.

Keywords: Fetus; Microbiota; Placenta; Intrauterine life

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