The Role of Radiopharmaceuticals in Imaging and Therapy of Neuroendocrine Tumors

eczacilikbilimleri-1-2-2021

Merve KARPUZ a , A. Yekta ÖZER b

aIzmir Kâtip Celebi University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Izmir, TURKEY
bHacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Ankara, TURKEY

ABSTRACT
Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are heterogeneous tumor groups originated from endocrine tissues. The specific receptor expressions of NETs allow the use of targeted radiopharmaceuticals for imaging and/or therapy. Radiolabeled peptide analogs of receptors overexpressing on cancer cells and radiolabeled amine precursors in NET metabolism can be used as radiopharmaceuticals. Somatostatin receptors (SSTR) play a critical role in not only imaging but also radionuclide treatment of NET. Although OctreoScan®, the first peptide imaging agent, was approved for NET imaging, 68Ga-peptide analogs showed higher sensitivity. The radiolabeling of SSTR analogs with β- emitter radioisotopes such as 111In, 90Y, 177Lu and 131I makes them possible for the therapeutic approach. Besides the SSTR, the targeted radiopharmaceuticals to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor and cholecystokinin-2 receptor were developed for benign insulinomas and medullary thyroid cancer, respectively. The aim of this chapter is to review the current approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of NET by giving information regarding receptor or metabolic pathway targeted radiopharmaceuticals.
Keywords: Neuroendocrine tumor; radiopharmaceutical; receptor targeting

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