Toxicity and Possibility of Microplastic Exposure While Living

Esra GÜZELDEMİR AKÇAKANATa , Merve BALTA UYSALa
aKocaeli University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Kocaeli, Türkiye

Güzeldemir Akçakanat E, Balta Uysal M. Toxicity and possibility of microplastic exposure while living. In: Toygar H, Balcı N, eds. Exposure to Microplastics in Life and Dentistry. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2024. p.12-6.

ABSTRACT
Plastic is an organic polymer synthesized from fossil fuels such as natural gas, oil, or coal. Plastics have been produced due to many advantages, such as being inexpensive, versatile, lightweight, and durable. When large plastics break down or degrade into particles as small as 2-5 mm, these particles are referred to as microplastics, forming a widespread class of pollutants. This chapter compiles information on exposure pathways to microplastics and their potential toxic effects. However, it should be noted that current studies on microplastics may not yet provide clear information.

Keywords: Plastics; cytotoxicity; air pollution; water pollution

Referanslar

  1. Wilmoth J, Menozzi C, Bassarsky L, Gu D. As the World's Population surpasses 8 billion, what are the implications for planetary health and sustainability? United Nation.
  2. Verla AW, Enyoh CE, Verla EN, Nwarnorh KO. Microplastic-toxic chemical interaction: a review study on quantified levels, mechanism and implication. SN Appl Sci. 2019;1(11):1400. [Crossref]
  3. Rochman CM, Browne MA, Halpern BS, Hentschel BT, Hoh E, Karapanagioti HK, et al. Classify plastic waste as hazardous. Nature. 2013;494(7436):169-71. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  4. Wirnkor VA, Ebere EC, Ngozi VE. Microplastics, an Emerging Concern: A Review of Analytical Techniques for Detecting and Quantifying Microplatics. Analytical Methods in Environmental Chemistry Journal. 2019;2(2):13-30. [Crossref]
  5. Li Y, Tao L, Wang Q, Wang F, Li G, Song M. Potential Health Impact of Microplastics: A Review of Environmental Distribution, Human Exposure, and Toxic Effects. Environment & Health. 2023;1(4):249-57. [Crossref]
  6. Ebere EC, Wirnkor V A, Ngozi V E. Uptake of microplastics by plant: A Reason to worry or to be happy? World Sci News. 2019;131:256-67.
  7. Ragusa A, Svelato A, Santacroce C, Catalano P, Notarstefano V, Carnevali O, et al. Plasticenta: First evidence of microplastics in human placenta. Environ Int. 2021;146:106274. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  8. Horton AA, Walton A, Spurgeon DJ, Lahive E, Svendsen C. Microplastics in freshwater and terrestrial environments: Evaluating the current understanding to identify the knowledge gaps and future research priorities. Science of The Total Environment. 2017;586:127-41. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  9. Rochman CM. The story of plastic pollution: From the distant ocean gyres to the global policy stage. Oceanography. 2020;33(3):60-70. [Crossref]
  10. Colton JB, Burns BR, Knapp , Frederick D. Plastic Particles in Surface Waters of the Northwestern Atlantic. Science (1979). 1974;185(4150):491-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  11. Buchanan JB. Pollution by synthetic fibres. Mar Pollut Bull. 1971;2(2):23. [Crossref]
  12. Thompson RC, Olsen Y, Mitchell RP, Davis A, Rowland SJ, John AW, et al. Lost at Sea: Where Is all the plastic? Science (1979). 2004;304(5672):838. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  13. Barnes DKA, Galgani F, Thompson RC, Barlaz M. Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2009;364(1526):1985-98. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  14. Vethaak AD, Legler J. Microplastics and human health. Science (1979). 2021;371(6530):672-4. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  15. Enyoh CE, Shafea L, Verla AW, Verla EN, Qingyue W, Chowdhury T, et al. Microplastics exposure routes and toxicity studies to ecosystems: An overview. Environ Anal Health Toxicol. 2020;35(1):e2020004. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  16. Presence of microplastics and nanoplastics in food, with particular focus on seafood. EFSA Journal. 2016;14(6). [Crossref]
  17. Wright SL, Kelly FJ. Plastic and human health: A micro issue? Environ Sci Technol. 2017;51(12):6634-47. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  18. Kutralam-Muniasamy G, Shruti VC, Pérez-Guevara F, Roy PD. Microplastic diagnostics in humans: "The 3Ps" Progress, problems, and prospects. Science of The Total Environment. 2023;856:159164. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  19. Smith M, Love DC, Rochman CM, Neff RA. Microplastics in seafood and the implications for human health. Curr Environ Health Rep. 2018;5(3):375-86. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  20. Choi D, Bang J, Kim T, Oh Y, Hwang Y, Hong J. In vitro chemical and physical toxicities of polystyrene microfragments in human-derived cells. J Hazard Mater. 2020;400:123308. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  21. Barboza LGA, Dick Vethaak A, Lavorante BRBO, Lundebye AK, Guilhermino L. Marine microplastic debris: An emerging issue for food security, food safety and human health. Mar Pollut Bull. 2018;133:336-48. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  22. World Health Organization. Microplastics in Drinking-Water. 2019.
  23. Murphy F, Ewins C, Carbonnier F, Quinn B. Wastewater treatment works (WwTW) as a source of microplastics in the aquatic environment. Environ Sci Technol. 2016;50(11):5800-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  24. Field DT, Green JL, Bennett R, Jenner LC, Sadofsky LR, Chapman E, et al. Microplastics in the surgical environment. Environ Int. 2022;170:107630. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  25. Melzer D, Osborne NJ, Henley WE, Cipelli R, Young A, Money C, et al. Urinary bisphenol a concentration and risk of future coronary artery disease in apparently healthy men and women. Circulation. 2012;125(12):1482-90. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  26. Cox KD, Covernton GA, Davies HL, Dower JF, Juanes F, Dudas SE. Human consumption of microplastics. Environ Sci Technol. 2019;53(12):7068-74. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  27. Brahney J, Mahowald N, Prank M, et al. Constraining the atmospheric limb of the plastic cycle. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2021;118(16). [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]
  28. Prata JC. Airborne microplastics: Consequences to human health? Environmental Pollution. 2018;234:115-26. [Crossref]  [PubMed]
  29. Schneider M, Stracke F, Hansen S, Schaefer UF. Nanoparticles and their interactions with the dermal barrier. Dermatoendocrinol. 2009;1(4):197-206. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC]