Trauma: Compartman Syndrome

Tülin TÜRKÖZÜa , Baki Volkan ÇETİNb

aVan Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Van, Türkiye
bHarran University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Şanlıurfa, Türkiye

ABSTRACT
Pediatric acute compartment syndrome is one of the few orthopaedic emergency conditions. The children with supracondylar humerus fracture, forearm fracture and tibia fracture are under high risk and they should be closely monitored. Although, its pathophysiology is the same as in adults, unique aspects of pediatric compartment syndrome involve difficulties in examining and communicating with very young children. The ”5 Ps” meaning pain, pallor, paresthesia, paralysis, and pulselessness are the leading clinical symptoms in adults, but those are not reliable markers of acute compartment syndrome (ACS) in young children. The ”3As” meaning agitation, anxiety and increasing need for analgesics may be the first signs of compartment syndrome in children. Compartment syndrome is a clinical diagnosis and compartment measurements should only be performed in patients who cannot communicate or when the diagnosis is unclear. Early diagnosis and rapid treatment are important to achieve good clinical outcomes, however, decompressive fasciotomy should be considered in all the pediatric ACS cases, even if the time from injury to diagnosis is long.
Keywords: Compartment syndrome; children; injury; forearm; tibia; fracture

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