CURRENT CONCEPTS IN ADULTS UPPER EXTREMITY FRACTURES

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UPPER EXTREMITY FRACTURES:A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW AND SUMMARY

Ahmet Burak Satılmış

Kastamonu Taşköprü State Hospital, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Kastamonu, Türkiye

Satılmış AB. Upper Extremity Fractures: A Comprehensive Overview and Summary. In: Tiftikçi U, Erdoğan E, Ergün C, Güneş Z, editors. Current Concepts in Adults Upper Extremity Fractures. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2025. p.415-422.

ABSTRACT

This section comprehensively reviews various fracture types affecting the upper extremities, including proximal humerus, humeral shaft, distal humerus, elbow, forearm, wrist, carpal bone, and metacarpal/ phalanx fractures. Proximal humerus fractures, commonly seen in the elderly population, are primarily managed through conservative treatment; however, surgical options are available for more complex cases. Humeral shaft fractures, which account for 7% of all fractures, frequently necessitate surgical intervention, particularly in instances involving nerve injury. Distal humerus fractures, encompassing capitellum and olecranon fractures, generally require surgical fixation. Elbow fractures, such as coronoid and radial head fractures, are assessed for stability to inform treatment strategies. Forearm fractures, including those of the radius and ulna shafts, often necessitate surgical fixation. Wrist injuries, especially distal radius and carpal bone fractures like scaphoid fractures, are managed according to fracture morphology and associated complications. Finally, metacarpal and phalanx fractures demand meticulous management to ensure functional restoration. This comprehensive overview underscores the significance of tailored treatment approaches to enhance functional recovery in upper extremity fractures.

Keywords: Humerus fractures; Elbow fractures; Forearm fractures; Wrist fractures; Carpal bone fractures

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