FROM NEUROSCIENCE LABORATORY TO NEUROLOGY CLINIC

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VIRTUAL REALITY APPLICATIONS AND THE MOTOR AND COGNITIVESYMPTOMS OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE

Farzin Hajebrahimi

New Jersey Institute of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Newark, New Jersey, USA

Hajebrahimi F. Virtual Reality Applications and the Motor and Cognitive Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease. In: Hanoğlu L, editor. From Neuroscience Laboratory to Neurology Clinic. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2025. p.5157.

ABSTRACT

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the neurological disorders that plays important place among the causes of disability worldwide. PD is a neurological disorder grouped under the term parkinsonism, which includes problems with movement. The pathophysiology of the disease is characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons and accumulation of asynuclein in Lewy bodies. The diagnosis of PD is based on history and physical examination and usually includes motor symptoms. Treatment is symptomatic and targets the dopaminergic pathway. However, there is no disease modifying therapy. Nonpharmacological treatments are part of multidisciplinary approaches such as exercise, physiotherapy and speech therapy. Technological methods such as Virtual Reality can target problems in both motor and cognitive domains. Neuroimaging techniques, including Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and functional MRI (fMRI), are important tools for monitoring disease progression and evaluating treatment efficacy. Resting state fMRI reveals brain connectivity patterns by examining spontaneous neural connectivity patterns and can be used to assess the effects of neurorehabilitation on brain plasticity. Analysis of brain neural networks is a promising method to understand altered functional connectivity in Parkinson’s patients and optimize treatment strategies.

Keywords: Parkinson’s disease; Virtual reality; Exercise; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Functional neuroimaging

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